Mite-borne aggression

Author: R. Zhaxylykova. (2007) PhD. Allergist – dermatologist - acarologist with 44 years clinical work experience

Source: «СП», 2007, № 19(346), p.16

Demodecosis of a person – is the disease of the whole body of person inducing by microscopic mites of Demodex type. Demodex always starts from dermhelminthiasis (acarodermatitis) and/or mucus membrane connected with external environment. Arose on the skin surface or mucus membrane, the mite intrudes and lives in adenous formations developing colonies (“houses”) where it reproduces, feeds itself and dies. New motile stages of mites settle through new cutaneous pores and mucosal. This process is going continuously geometric being the main reason of progression and propagation of demodex with absence of timely appropriate therapeutic measures. Demodex does not have the local lesion of separate area of the skin or mucosal. In this variant of acarias the skin integument is affected completely from the top to the tips of the fingers of the limbs. This affection may be accurately observed visually (clinically).

The name “blepharitis” combines a big group of multifarious ophthalmopathies which are accompanied by amyctic of edges of eyelid. The blepharitis is one of the most frequent highly persistent eye–lesion which is hard to treat. This disease may last for many years. It is considered that blepharitis has affected 23,3% out of all patients suffering from phlogotic pathology of eyes, and the last ones consist of 40,2% of patients addressing for ambulatory care. Among last the relative density of demodecosis blepharitis and blepharoconjunctivitis is high and makes, according to different authors, from 39% up to 88%. The antibodies on allergens of demodex are found out at demodecosis eye-lesion in blood of patients. All patients with ophthalmodemodicosis are marked by mite-borne invasion of facial skin which complicates the treatment and makes its conduction expediently in conjunction with the help of dermatologist.

The skin of eyelid, including its ciliary edge, as the mucosal of the eyebulb, is rich of glands where demodexes find the optimal conditions, as well as on facial skin of the person. The mites can get into skin of eyelid and mucosal of an eye by crawling from the face of a person, during washing, using the general towel, by touch of faces, by hands, make-up and any other items of general using. The division of blepharitis to frontal and caudal is relative as the mites do not choose the ciliary follicles or tarsal glands but affect them one after another.

The patients with blepharoconjunctivitis complain on fast fatigue of eyes, pruritus of ciliary edge of eyelids and eyebrows, heat, tingling, feeling of an alien body or sand in eyes, "horripilation", weight of eyelids, afflux of foam released in corners of eyes within day, viscous released from eyes in mornings, eyelid swelling, desquamation on them, constant rubeosis and eyelid swelling of edges, deplumation and eyebrow alopecia, lacrimation, hypersensibility towards smoke, wind, dust, strong light, fresh snow etc. The constant feeling of the pruritus is especially burdensome for patients. The disease will progress If not to take the urgent measures of treatment. Unpleasant sensations have a great influence on state of health of patients and reduce the working capacity. With absence of persistence in treatment the gradual decrease is observed in sight as a result of development of various complications.

Sometimes and after fairly often the earliest complications are the changes of eyelids and eyes developing the allergic character (some food stuffs, medicines, stresses, insolation, make-up, contacting with household cleaning products and other chemistry, etc.). Thus there is the edema and erythema (including Quincke's edema), mucosal of eyelids and eyebulb. With wrong treatment the disease continues to progress, which is evident by appearance of small pustules on free edge of eyelid, polypapilloma and telangiectasia on the skin between eyelashes. The parasites strengthen the process of formation of pustules in the centers of affection being the transmitters of microorganisms in deep layers of hair follicles and oil glands. Henceforth the appearance of recurrent hordeolum is observed. The chalazions are developing as the result of blockade of the lumens of separate glands and hair follicle affected by the pruritus. The chalazion looks like a tight nodule with the size of from the match head up to the large grain of pea. The inner wall of chalazion consists of the epithelial lining dilapidated by the acaruse, and the outer wall – the connective-tissue capsule infiltrated by eosinophiles, histiocytes and macrophages. The median part of this formation is made of tyroid mass where the interlayer out of eggs and larva of the acaruse follows. The adult individuals of the parasite settle down closer to the wall of bladder of the chalazion The microscopic acaruse in different stages of development may always be found at the correct sampling of material considering the described structure of the chalazion. The Researchers may find demodex in 66 % of cases in plural chalazions.

The treatment of blepharitis represents a lot of difficulties and demands the great persistence from both of patient and doctor. The arsenal of medical products of effective therapy has considerably extended for last years. An obligatory condition of successful treatment of the eye demodecosis is the strict observance of measures of personal hygiene and the simultaneous treatment of the face demodecosis.

By this moment we have elaborated the methods of full treatment from various diseases and complications of demodecosis and other variants of acarias as photodermatosis, alopecia, discoid lupus erythematosus, freshwater eels, dermatitis; alimentary allergy, drug allergy, kiss-type allergy; rosacea, rhinophyma, eczema, neurodermatitis, psoriasis, parapsoriasis, prurigo, furunculosis, demodecosis, allergic rhinitis erythrodermatitis, cheloid, erythroderma, initial stage of systemic lupus erythematosus, initial stage of vitiligo, initial stage of systemic scleroderma, initial stage of dermatomyositis, precancerous dermatopathia, cancer of skin, chronic recurrent urticaria and many other.