Acariasis is the key problem of the clinical medicine (Message III)

Author: R.D.Zhaxylykova

Source: The health, 2007.

There are particular diseases for every century and especially for a millennium. It has always been, it is now and it will be forever. The reason for this is a stupenduos adaptability of all the living things on the Earth. People, animals, plants, entophytes and zooparasites (including microorganisms) etc, adapt themselves to the new conditions of life.

Over the more than eighteen centuries different manifistations and aftereffects of a classical skin and internals scab was raging among people. The main reason of the diseases evolution was considered to be a erroneous human’s juices mixture. Even after the indubitable evidence of the parasitic disease the secretion of the pathologic skin elements of the microscopic acarus Sarcoptes scabiei and surveying it under microscope, there were scientists considering scab to be noncontagious disease for a long peroid of time. Nowadays the situation in medicine is similar to the described above: despite the Demodex and Dermatophagoides are in skin and discharge from the human bodies the former are saprophytes causing exceptional diseases and the discharges and foreign matters remains of the latter are mechanical and allergenic irritants. The objective skin modifications are explained by the specialists as the results of the manifistations of such internals diseases as (gastrointestinal tract, endocrine organs etc.). Meanwhile a lot of the researchers conducting teleological studies of the scab - infected patients skin always find either Demodex or Dermatophagoides but they do not cure these scabs. The clinical signs caused by them as itching, dryness etc, are interpreted as “residual” effects of the Sarcoptes scabiei, post scabies itching, acarophobia. And the thing there is Sarcoptes scabiei in a skin of the patients having no typical subjective complains for itching is explained as a healthy scab carriage (acarocarriage) /1/.

Nowadays both the scientific literature and the periodic press are full of information testifying the activation of mites /3/. Large mites became the inhabitants of our parks, yards, houses and sometimes apartments. As for small tribesmen of mites, so more than 200 kinds of mites became the permanent inhabitants of residential, industrial, subsidiary premises and any other places of human’s living. Moreover, some kinds of mites live in our beds, underwear and even in skin for many decades. Lots of researchers describe the discovery of the mites in excretions, internal tissues and organs of a human body. However, lack of knowledge about the complete clinic of diseases induced by microscopic mites is the reason of incorrect interpretation of these findings as casual ones. Unfortunately, it almost came to such conclusions that the microscopic mites are the sanitarians of our skin and bedding, as it is considered that the mites feed with cast-off epithelium and content of cutaneous glands and therefore the mites clear the cutaneous pores and bedding. The mites also felt the freedom because the people liquidated their natural antagonists - louses, bugs, fleas, etc. Meanwhile, both Demodexeses and Dermatophagoides, as well as any other microscopic mites, are capable of inducing an independent disease in a person – acariasis /2/.

The name of diseases induced by microscopic mites develops from the name of the activator and the word “acariasis”. Such name means that disease is induced by the concrete microscopic mite. For instance, Demodectic Acariasis, Sarcoptic Acariasis, Dermatophagoides Acariasis, etc. Each of these diseases has its own differential characteristics besides the general symptoms in the form of rash, pruritus and etc. In neglected cases each of these diseases is accompanied by involving into the pathological process of internals and telas. At the same time the features of the clinical course of the disease are defined by many internal and external factors, including the structure and virulence of the associative complex of activators, the immunity condition of the microorganism and etc. Only Sarcoptic Acariasis is registered and purposefully treated in clinical medicine. Other kinds of acariasis (Demodectic, Dermatophagoides, etc.) are not described in complete form, not registered and consequently the proper fight against them is not conducted. This circumstance is the principal cause of increase in the sickness rate and failures in the effort of medicine to liquidate many chronic "noninfectious" diseases, the most part of which are actually clinical masks of acariasis sometimes having incredibly complicated presentations /1/.

For 34 years we have been observing the peculiarities of clinical presentations and complications of acariasis on 388780 persons. It allowed to thoroughly studying the features of acariasis clinic depending on the features of household, labor, weekend and other habits of the person affected by microscopic mites. The natural distribution and expansion of clinic of acariasis were observed on 15722 persons. 8548 patients received successful etiotropic treatment from the various diseases actually being the clinical masks of acariasis. 17823 persons were checked on accordance of clinical symptoms toward infesting of skin by microscopic mites. More than 2 million persons were subjected to purposeful clinical survey of the open parts of the body. Demodectic Acariasis, including reproduction of the disease on a volunteer in clinic, has been studied on 49285 persons, and Dermatophagoides Acariasis - on 12590 persons. The mentioned facts allow us to represent the complete clinic of acariasis (Demodectic and Dermatophagoides, and add to the clinic of Sarcoptic).

Acariasis is the polymorphic dermatosis at any stage. The difference is that in the Ist (initial) stage the process is localized only on the skin, while the initial stage of disease (I-a stage) is the incubatory period of allergic presentations of acariasis. The allergic reactions seldom develop in I-b stage of acariasis. The sensibilization gradually increases in the organism. In the IInd stage there appear various complications on the skin (i.e. skin diseases develop) and some features of affection by microscopic mites of deep telas are found out. At this stage the mucous membranes (of the eyes, nose, oral cavity, pharynx, nose cavity, bronchus, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tracts and etc.), which intercommunicate with the environment, are affected. Moreover, the allergic reactions often develop in stage II-a, the recrudescence of the allergic diseases are frequent. II-b stage is characterized by the continuous recurring of allergic reactions and allergic diseases. The anaphylactic reaction on any occasion is observed in II stage. In the IIIrd stage the various acariasis affections of internals and telas and (or) "incurable" complications on the skin are developing. This stage is characterized by systemic lesion of the organism. The microscopic mites in associations with other microorganisms get almost into all corners of a human body affecting mainly the certain telas and organs of each concrete person. The immune system of the organism is exhausted enough. The stage III-a is characterized by curable complications. In III-b stage the "incurable" complications of the skin (including malignant swelling) and internals (including oncological disease, etc.) appear. The patients seldom observe the allergic reactions in III-a stage. In III-b stage the allergic reactions develop extremely seldom. During the development of disease three kinds of acariasis can be differentiated: acute, subacute and chronic. By character the next prevalent eruptions on the skin are defined: papulous, pustular, maculosus, vesicular, erythematous, melano dermatologic, nodular, patch, atopic, pomphus, bullous, lichenous, hyperkeratotic, atrophic, vitiligo, combined and other variants of disease. The disease (as well as the primary lesion) can develop at any age as well as in the antenatal period /1/.

Each organism has its own original response to insertion of the parasite. That is why the clinical presentations of acariasis are so multivarious. Besides, the following features of the clinical picture of acariasis are under the influence of neuroendocrinal and immunological status of the macroorganism, disease-inciting degree of the associative complex of microorganisms together with microscopic mites, stage of disease, ecology, employment and active rest, their conditions, condition of life, various habits of the sick person, environmental and other factors. Acariasis does not always proceed typically. The application of scabicide, the usage of corticosteroid, cytostatic, antihistaminic and other medications lead to change of clinic of the disease. Similarly the clinical course is changed by the contact with lubricant oils, product of oil refining, frequent washing of hands and body with soap due to industrial and other activity, constant or frequent stay under the sun, food and etc. It is necessary to emphasize that the clinical picture of lesion of the skin by microscopic mites both on initial and subsequent stages is not expressed equally in various age groups and various parts of skin integument even of the same patient. These differences depend on features of the anatomic structure of a skin and its separate parts, the initial physiological condition of glands and hair follicles, the level of population by the mites, and also on many internal and external factors overtly or covertly influencing the organism of a person and affected skin and taking the aggravating or leveling effect on acariasis.

Therefore in the beginning of XXI century the mites play no less important part in our life as a thousand years ago. The microscopic relatives of mites have invaded into our immediate environment, whence they have moved to our body, have gone deep into it and began to induce no less dangerous diseases as they did one thousand years ago. Nowadays the development of medical science and technical equipment allows us by the purposeful researches to find in time the microscopic mites on/in the body of each of us. However, the thorough knowledge of clinic of the disease has the predominating value for liquidation of acariasis.

LITERATURE

1. Zhaxylykova R. D. - The allergy as the reason of growth of disease by the beginning of the third millennium (Allergy = Acariasis). Almaty city: Akyl Kitabi. 1999. 192 pр.

2. Zhaxylykova R. D. – The Allergy – clinical mask of acariasis. – Medicine. International Professional Journal. 2000. № 1. pp. 19-22

3. Kiselyeva P. – Russia in mites. // “Izvestiya” Newspaper. 2007. N 104. p. 4