Acariasis – the key problem of the clinical medicine

Printed in journal «Валеология», 2007, № 1, с. 7-9

UDC: 616.995.42:616.134.93.001.12(574)

R.D.Zhaxylykova

Acariasis – the key problem of the clinical medicine

The medical clinical acarology appeared to be a weekly developed sphere. Only during the last thirty years there are positive moves in this matter in many respects due to our efforts /5/. However, the pace of resolution of existing acarologic problems in the clinical medicine is very slow, that’s why they are not able to lead to their correct resolution in the nearest future. Seeing once is better than hearing twice. During 34 years we have been watching the course of natural Acariasis contamination of 15722 persons. More than two million men went through purposeful examination of the open body parts; examination of one million of this number was recorded in 1981. If the percentage of skin affection by the microscopic mites 26 years ago made up 87.9%, in the following years clear of Acariasis skin we did not find. Out of 124 newborns nine had symptoms of inborn, others – signs of acquired Acariasis. Reproduction of Demodectic Acariasis was done in clinic (on a volunteer) and experimentally. Successful etiotropic treatment received 8548 patients with different diseases, which actually were clinical masks of Acariasis. Correspondence of the clinical symptoms of the level of skin affection with microscopic mites was checked on 17823 mity. The mentioned facts allow us to state the real clinic of Acariasis – disease widely spread among people at present but in general so far neglected by the clinical medicine.

Etiology of Acariasis

Acariasis is primary chronic infectious (invasion) disease of the human body caused by microscopic mites. The dominating mites causing rise and spreading Acariasis among people at present are Demodex (causing Demodectic Acariasis), Dermatophagoids (agents of Dermatophagoid Acariasis) and itch mites (causing Sarcoptic Acariasis). Based on the acarologic literature mites are able to carry on and inside their bodies smaller microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungus, viruses, eggs of helminthes, spirochetes, etc. That is why originally any Acariasis is associative /4/.

In studying the proportion of different types of microscopic mites in spreading Acariasis now we have the following results. Out of 17823 mity who went through laboratory inspection 98.1% had the mites of Demodex type, 0.9% - had the mites of Sarcoptes type, 0.4% had the mites of Dermatophagoids, 0.6% had true mites, grain mites, straw itch mites, bulb mites. Purposeful research based on developed by us methods /2/ allowed to detect Demodex colonies in the pathologic skin elements in 89% out of 1327 huskings. Sarcoptic mites were excreted from 32 inspected papulous elements of the face skin of 27 patients. At the same time the typical scabby passages could be seen on the face. When expecting skin in vivo according to our methods /3/ Dermatophagoids of light grey color looked like tiny sparrows with longitudinal fan-shaped tail, sitting on the face lanugo heading towards the entry to the hair follicle. Demodex had oblong body with semi-transparent striated long tail part. Their color correlated with the skin color of the mity: pale on the white-skinned and light-brown on the swarthy. On the skin of the trunk and anterior surface of shins Demodex had dark and in some cases black color. At that it was found that Demodex not only settle in the skin pores but also make passages in the skin. Judging by the dynamics of the involution of the pathologic process observed in the skin in the course of treatment, Dermatophagoids are also able to settle in the skin pores but more often penetrate into its deeper layers. Generally known that Sarcoptic mites bite passages in the skin but we detected them in the skin pores as well. Many cases of «accidental» detection of different kinds and types of microscopic mites in the internal environment, organs and tissues of man are described in the scientific literature /1, 6/.

Pathogenesis of Acariasis

Components of any mites are allergenic and allergens always generate antibodies in an immunocompetent macroorganism – it’s an axiom /7/. Intrusion of microscopic mites into the skin pores is accompanied by specific inflammation initially developing in the papillary layer of the derma. The process of mites’ settlement in the skin is concurrently accompanied by partial or full absorption of the mites’ excretions, decay products of their tissues, degeneratively changed components of the decaying, eaten by mites remains of the epithelial and other cells of glandular lumens, their ducts, skin. At the initial stages of disease mostly homogeneous allergic components are absorbed, that is why sensitizing at this stage is monovalent. Later on sooner or later the parasites damage different tissue structures of the skin (fiber, collagenous, elastic, etc.), mucous tunics, internal. Decaying components of all these tissues are chemically non-homogeneous. The mites themselves are complex organisms, whose bodies contain albuminous, fat, carbohydrate, and other components. Moreover, degeneratively changed chemical structures of the putrefying nidus of the Acariasis inflammation are also alien for the macroorganism. Absorption of all the mentioned, alien for the microorganism components provide for the diversity of the allergenic composition of the Acariasis process. We should add here the allergenic structures of bacteria, viruses, fungus and other microorganisms, which sooner or later join the Acariasis inflammation in the affected tissues and organs. The microorganism produces antibodies in reaction to the absorbed by the blood allergic components. The range of produced antibodies is remarkable for diversity and complexity of the structure. This is the way polyvalent and auto sensitizing arises in the macroorganism.

During its life the macroorganism deals with a lot of external and internal factors (contact with chemical and vegetal matters, physical or mental overstrain, taking various medications, stress and physical impact, insolation, ionizing radiation, etc.). These influences cause destruction of the microscopic mites in their habitats. By this time the affected organism already has sensitizing. Release of new portions of allergens – components of the microscopic mites’ bodies – leads to the development of the immunologic mechanisms of allergy, in details studied and described in allergology. As a result an allergic reaction develops on the affected spots (skin, mucous tunics, organs and tissues).

Thus, Acariasis is a widely spread at present disease caused by an associative complex of agents headed by mites. Pathogenesis of Acariasis represents known to the science truth for development of allergy on the body components, products of vital functions of the pathogens and on the degeneratively changed components of the putrefying nidus of the acariasis inflammation. The aforesaid allows explaining the mechanism of development of idiosyncrasy of the newborns, origin and periodical exacerbation of an allergic disease, as well as the causes of origin of autoallergic diseases of men.

Literature

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